Utility services detection
Electromagnetic (EM)
An EM signal is generated by a transmitter coil. This produces a secondary EM signal in a conductor that can be detected on surface by a receiver coil. The quadrature component provides a measure of the apparent ground conductivity which can also detect non-metallic services such as culverts, whilst the real (in-phase) component is responsive to buried metallic objects such as linearly trending metal pipes. The spacing between the coils determines the maximum depth of investigation in any given setting.
